There are three basic types of soil: loam, clay, and sandy. Loam is by far the best, with just the right amount of nutrients and friability to ensure good penetration, drainage, and adequate moisture retention. Clay-based soil is heavy and absorbs water more slowly resulting in a longer period of retention. A clay soil also compacts more easily, forcing roots closer to the surface in a search for room to grow, leaving them vulnerable to drought and white grub damage. Sandy soil is easily penetrated and drains quickly, but also dries out the fastest and will most likely need twice the watering during the hottest months.

Varieties differ, from cool-season cultivars such as the ever-popular Bluegrass, to warm-season grasses–Bermudas, Zoysias, and the like. Bluegrass, for example, goes dormant and turns brown during hot summer months unless watered regularly, while Bermuda needs approximately ten inches less water per year to maintain a healthy green glow. If you’re starting a lawn from scratch, be it seed or sod, pay particular attention to those strains best suited to your climate and lifestyle. A stop at your local lawn and garden store can be your best resource in this regard.

Aerate your entire lawn every two to three years, and high traffic areas yearly. Aeration is simply poking small holes in the dirt to loosen compacted soil and improve moisture penetration. Small yards are easily managed with simple attachments worn on the shoes while larger areas may require the aid of a machine to get the job done.